Work Relations

The present article has as objective to carry through a literature survey that approaches the question of the informal work in the economy. It is intended to point the concepts, characteristics and peculiarities of this modality of work according to different identified theoretical perspectives in pertinent literature. This quarrel if shows excellent, since the advance of the Neoliberalismo from the decade of 1980 provoked unfoldings on the world of the work, revealing between its some aspects, a trajectory of growth of the informality in the work relations. The work contemplates, beyond this introduction, one second session in which is analyzed the three main theoretical chains that approach the informality of the work relations, as well as the new expressions assumed for this phenomenon in the contemporaneidade. The text is locked up with the final consideraes regarding the considered subject.

For Cacciamali (1983), the existence of three theoretical chains can be indicated that deal with to the concept and the characteristics of the informal sector. In this direction, the current agreement of this thematic one was reached thanks to the conceptual evolution from the first studies during the decade of 1970. The first theoretical chain left of a study of the International Organization of Trabalho (OIT) on Job and Income in the Kenya in 1972, that in turn, consisted of an important landmark for theoretical delimitation, that is, definition of the nature of the informal sector and its relations with the set of the economy. (CACCIAMALI, 1983) This boarding uses the optics of the production to construct its categories. Being thus, it considers the informal sector with the following characteristics: i) activities with reduced capital level; II) complex and little intensive techniques of work; III) small number of workers (ones remunerated, other familiar ones); IV) its activities are not white of governmental politics; v) they possess difficulties for credit attainment; vi) acts in competitive markets.

Constitutional Capital

The exportations of Bolivia for Brazil had reached US$ 333 millions and the main exported products had been the natural gas, raw oil, beanses and combustible oil. The importations proceeding from Brazil had added US$ 390 million and had been composed of manufactures of iron and steel, equipment and scheme, paper and cardboard, plastics, automobiles, foods and txteis, among others. The deceleration in the taxes of growth and the consequent increase in the unemployment, since year 2000, has pressured the fabric social, provoking politician-institucional instability and questioning of aspects of the model of market economy. For in such a way, it also contributes the relative success of the politics of eradication of the cocaine and its favorable impact in the informal economy. 2.1.1 geography of Bolivia Is considered that Bolivia is the heart of the South America, since the country is located almost in the center of the continent.

The west with Peru has border, to the north and the east with the Federative Republic of Brazil, to the south with Argentina, the Southeast with Paraguay and to southwest with Chile. Its official name is Republic of Bolivia and its independence was in 6 of August of 1825. With the surface of 1.098.581 km, the country is divided in 09 states, 112 provinces, 1,384 cities and 312 administrative regions. The Constitutional Capital is Sucre in the state of Chuquisaca and the Seat of government is the woollen city Peace, in the woollen state Peace. The main cities of Bolivia how much to the population and economic activity they are La Paz, High El, woollen Cochabamba and Santa Cruz Sierra. 2.1.2 organization politics and commercial agreements of Bolivia Bolivia has a unitary, democratic, multinational government and multilnge, consisting of three to be able independent: the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary Power. The Executive is composed for the President, the Vice-president and the Cabinet of Ministers.

Social Movements

The Social Movements and its Origins the category is ample and can congregate, depending on the criteria of analysis used, organizations directed toward the promotion of moral, ethical and legal interests. Although the social movements to be fruit of definitive historical and social contexts, two classic conceptual definitions can be found that they are: The first one of them is of control of historical action of Alain Touraine, that it prefers to study the new social movements, that, in the tripping of new paradigmas of the call globalization strengthen identities and intervene with agendas politics of the society, and resalta the movements feminists, racial, partner-ambient, sexual and for-religious that through them social minorities had become forces politics and object of social sciences and human beings. second of Manuel Castells, that resalta the social movements as practical contradictory systems social in accordance with agricultural the urban social order/, whose nature is to transform the structure of the system in which he is inserted, either through revolutionary actions or not, in a class representative correlation and last instance, the state power. We live in a country where it continues in vigor an official explanation that does not have the Brazilian people as subject of its construction. Although to have innumerable social groups Brazil continues to be understood by the logic of the conqueror. Etnocntricas and authoritarian conceptions find, for incredible that it can seem, points of contact with the thought of progressive intellectuals, and with this it appeared some chains in some areas of the thought, that had searched ' ' resgatar' ' the originary peoples. The meeting of the gold, metal, only happened in the end of century XVII, and for the sedentary ones still it took advantage to the form of traditional sobrevimento and the manual one. While the Spaniard had appealed the desorganizao of the economic activities, the Portuguese, without conditions to carry through an ownership accomplish, had walked gradually for the submission of native societies to its designs and with this caused the commerce of wood-Brazil, had searched to complement this fished activity with the convivncia with the agricultural system of small pepper productions, maize, cassava, fruits and of originria extration.

Maquiavel Power

Already in the modern theory where Maquiavel if detaches, democracy is a republic form where the regimen of popular government is called republic and not democracy. The conception of democracy has left of the estimated one of the guarantee of basic rights as the rights of press, religion, thought freedom, of meeting, among others. Benjamin Constant, in the speech ' ' The compared freedom of the old ones with the one of modernos' ' , it emphasized that the freedom must be promoted and be developed through the body politician who if translates the assembly of the citizens. But, that a danger that is the freedom in fact, to the point of the citizen exists not to want more to participate of the power politician. Constant (C1985, p.6) says that ' ' The danger of the modern freedom is where, absorbed for the joy of private independence and in the search of particular interests, let us renounce our right too much easily to participate of the power poltico.' ' Thus being, the obligatoriness starts to be a resource for the functioning of the democracy. It can seem ambiguous, but the freedom necessary politics to be molded in way to become the participativa democracy, such needs to submit all the citizens to the examination of its interests for the power. The power that in the old one it formulates liberal emanates of the people for the people, can be understood in ironic way: the people as the set of the citizens of a country inside chooses some of of the nation assuming the power leading politician of the State, but to the representative installed being legally legal the elect one starts to have to be able it differentiates that it of chose that it, the majority of the people alone will take ownership of the again at any given time historical power.

Worries Visitors

Rebanceira falling, weeds around of decrees, a true abandonment to the religious attractive greater of the Cear. Photo: Gerson of the ValleCanind has 113 km of $fortaleza, the city concentrates a great one numbers of worshippers whom decrees they visit it of San Francisco, monument that was inaugurated in 04 of April of 2005, in the government of Lcio Alcntara. Sacra is about the biggest image catholic of the world, with 30,25 meters of height. The religious tourism of the region had gained a great attraction for the city. Today, with only 06 years of its inauguration it decrees, offers it risk for that they go there to pay its promises and to visit that card postal, had until who said in the place, that the image could to come the low one, to fall down.

Backwater with coloration green-silt, possible criadouro of the mosquito of the affection. Photo: Gerson of the Valle With strong rains that had bathed the region in the last months, appeared a serious problem to entorno of the image; it does not have wall of containment, the water that is intent at one’s feet the image this dirty one, without the well-taken care of had ones, serving of criadouro for the mosquito of the affection, and what it is worse: according to photographers who work in the place, romeiros that they visit decree it exactly wash the face with the water that already presents a coloration green-silt, being guided of that the water this improper one. In the place, we harvest depositions of people who had not wanted to identify themselves, would dam from fear it; they had informed in them that the land already this falling down has some months and already caused accident in a romeiro. Same and still according to in agreement caught images; trees that had next to the monument, had fallen, due the erosion caused in the land where this stuck a decrees of San Francisco.

The Peoples

The new concept of citizenship would have is above of any natural law. It is alicerado in the chain of the solidarity of the State stops with the citizen, as well as in autopoitica relation of love between compatriots or any another world-wide individual, as if brother was. Citizenship is not only relation of ' ' rights and deveres' '. It is, over all, a relation of love, of solidarity, of respect and, essentially, familiar, that the peoples must search and proclaim. The natural laws of the reasonable one and the logic – as one day it was thought by Discardings – are ideas of a logicismo paved in the rationality and a reason well sharpened human being. Theories of ' ' I cogitate, I raise sum' ' (I think soon I exist) or ' ' Dubito, I raise I cogitate, I raise sum' ' (I doubt, I think, then I exist) they had been sources of inspiration for the creation of a new reality: A REALITY HUMAN BEING, inspired in the reason, common-sense and the rationality of the species, animal rank that ' ' pensantes' ' they must attend a course another position in the society: the position of ' ' civilizados' ' , solidary, loving of its nature. Meantime, ahead of as much atrocity, of as much irrationality and as much cruelty we will not be able to think another thing not to be that the reason and the rationality – of some – had become fluids that if run away from its minds, changedding themselves into nothing more than myths spread for groups of ' ' insanos' ' with intentions to change the world with ideals of love. That the sword of Dmocles is launched on the ethical shames, lacks and the moral corrupes; that this people has God not as a reason of religious disagreements, but as only source of love; that the demagogues are judged with ' ' penalty of morte' ' , and that the peoples – even so suffered and sedentos of love – can use of the true solidarity that still remains. The desire to think still is ours!

State Company

Snake much tax and the industrial if sees forced to practical the spurious ones to compensate the robbery in the box with the State being been unproductive partner of the enterprise. The second guilt fits to the proper way to manage natural of the majority of the national companies always directed to one or another illegal or illicit activity to generate more profits. Unreported funds, for example. I believe that 400% of the companies for here they use and they abuse the cunning to escape of the taxes. Not that I am against this, quite to the contrary. Until survival question because the State collects insanely and spends everything wrong what it falls in the col. Any form, the plant of the enganao left the control and is the clowns of the Pimpolho circus as always.

Time in when it circulates in the Internet archives PPT showing what it rolls of more common and that many already know: the decoy of the metragem of the hygienical paper, in the weight of the packings always modified for less with the maintenance of the prices, volume of less, ice excessively in the congealed ones, air in excess in the packings, watery tooth folder with half of the hollow pipe and folders excessively causing excess in the hour to shed the product in the tooth brushes. The list is enormous. This company whisker has if shown she accustoms in these practical to roll its customers. Amongst other cunnings that the company created I can cite some: alteration of the weight of milk in dust of old the 440 current grams for 400 grams without discounting of 10% that the company left to plant in the cans, weight of the bars of chocolate old 200 160 grams now only grs without the discounting of the weight that was not packed. Already it requests the company behind times that she directed me its spread sheets of calculations to prove the inexistence of the discountings versus what was not packed or planted.

The Right

For the opposite, it will have law authorizeing and thus, they astonish, will be instituted, legalized the penalty of death in Brazil, but the death penalty will be for defenseless people, while the dangerous criminals will remain eating, drinking and living to ours costs in penitentiaries of maximum security; maximum security that had to be given we, good citizens. How much to the abortion, he is only in favor of it who already was born. Then, vocs had to make a plebiscite and to still hear the opinion of the embryos in formation; how they are pra to be born! Nobody can FORBID somebody to be born. The Right to the life is inalienable and irrenuncivel. Nobody can make use if its proper life, nor of the one of third. They are universal principles of the right.

The proposal would be another one, but vocs so they are obsecados in taking account of the country that does not perceive it. I cannot support you Dilma, candidate of a party that elaborated a plan where if foresees the approval of law that for more than FORBIDS to religious pregao one hour per day in radio, TV, in the street or any place? this is to take off little of God who still remains in the heart of the Brazilians. We will go to look the word of god through priests, shepherds, espritas, also of people who orientates in culture afro and we will not find it, why they will be hindered of speaking for law; they will be able until being imprisoned for having violated the law if to speak. We will have that to go the penitentiaries, to the dungeons to hear advice of religious. To hear the word of God! Nobody can FORBID to the accomplishment of religious cults nor the religious education. By the way, practical the religious one would have to be fomented and not to be verwhelmed.

United States

According to Montesquieu: ' ' The Legislative one makes the laws for some time forever or, and corrects or revokes the ones that are made; the Judiciary one punishes the crimes or judges the demands of particular; the Executive, being the remain to be able, exerts the too much functions of the State, the general management, consisting therefore in the executor of the laws in general ' '. Although the workmanship of Montesquieu, the Spirit of the Laws, has been written in the century. XVIII, the update of the thought of the philosopher meets in the fact to have disclosed one of the sources of the power modern politician, the law treating it to scientific form. It surpasses the traditional legalist boarding and it studies the laws as an expression of the nature of the things. Recognized already for its contemporaries the work of Montesquieu, discloses that, independently of the species of government or regimen politician of data country, the social order is, in itself, heterogeneous and subjects the social inaqualities, most diverse.

The harmonious convivncia being able between them would be a control form where a power would refrearia the abuses and arbitrariedades of the other, it is the theory of checks and balances. The theory of the tripartio being able of inspired them the elaboration of the constitution of the United States of America, and Declaration of the Rights of the Man and the Citizen. A tripartio being able of them in the constitution of the United States had intention not to allow to reciprocal interferences nor the transference or delegation of being able, and in the French revolution it found the field certain to germinate having its great moment in the Declaration of the Rights of the Man and the Citizen of 1789, that it served of preamble the Constitution of 1791, first Constitution of the continental Europe.

National Politics

Difficult to speak of the scene of the national politics without falling in the common place and banalizar what it needs to be transformed The news article that the Magazine Sees (22/09/10) brought on lawsuit 2010 is to haunt: absences, spectacular enrichment in four years of mandate, debts with the Federal Prescription, processes in Federal Justice and the Court of Accounts, proposals presented to the parliament without no relevance and confront it moral that is ' ' soldo' ' of them parliamentarians with have 15 wages to the year Parallel I attend the performance of my colleague, Professor Ricardo Malheiros, formed in Biology for the UFRRJ, working in three different Schools, educating, approximately, 400 young mseros adult and reaching R$1.500, 00 for month. Competent professor, compromised, operating! That values are these that attribute to the parliamentarian biggest value of what to the Educator? Paraphrasing Russian Renato: ' ' That country is this? ' ' Why not to institute minimum wage for all these self-sacrificing men of the national politics! I will vote null in 03/10/10 In protest form I will vote null! Raquel Lopes 25/09/10.